See endowment fund.
See endowment fund.
The owner of property that often receives rent from tenants.
In accounting, cost is defined as the cash amount (or the cash equivalent) given up for an asset. Cost includes all costs necessary to get an asset in place and ready for use. For example, the cost of an item in...
An interest rate that is not explicit. For example, if a business lends its majority owner $100,000 at 0% interest, the IRS might determine that a fair interest rate would be 6% and not 0%. The IRS will impute interest...
The length of time that an asset would last. Instead of the physical life, accountants focus on the useful life. For example, a computer’s physical life is perhaps 50 years. However, its useful life is likely to be...
An actual count of the goods owned by the company. The actual counts are then compared to the quantities reported on the detailed inventory records. If a difference exists, the quantity shown on the inventory record...
of an interest payment of $500 and a principal payment of $1,500. The company’s entry to record the loan payment will be: Debit of $500 to Interest Expense Debit of $1,500 to Loans Payable Credit of $2,000 to Cash The...
See old-age, survivor, and disability insurance (OASDI).
The average amount of inventory during a period of time. Since the amount reported in the Inventory account is the ending balance on one specific day, it is necessary to compute an average balance when relating this...
The additional amount given to employees for the overtime hours. Usually this is the “half-time” in time and one-half. For example, if an employee’s hourly pay rate is $10 per hour and the employee...
See Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).
Usually means to scrap a long-term plant asset and receive no proceeds from its disposal.
The next best benefit foregone. The opportunity lost. Often measured as the contribution margin given up by not doing an activity. For example, if a sole proprietor is foregoing a salary and benefits of $50,000 at...
See warranty liability.
What is YOY? In financial analysis and data analytics, YOY is the acronym for year over year. YOY indicates the change from the comparable amount reported in the same period one year earlier. Below are three examples of...
A term used in break-even analysis to indicate the amount of sales that are above the break-even point. In other words, the margin of safety is the amount by which a company’s sales could decrease before the...
A form used at a bank to inform its customer that the customer’s account is being reduced for a fee or other charge.
Under the accrual basis of accounting the account Supplies Expense reports the amount of supplies that were used during the time interval indicated in the heading of the income statement. Supplies that are on hand...
The depreciation computed for financial reporting purposes—as opposed to income tax depreciation. To learn more, see Explanation of Depreciation.
Goodwill is a long-term (or noncurrent) asset categorized as an intangible asset. Goodwill arises when a company acquires another entire business. The amount of goodwill is the cost to purchase the business minus the...
See accrued rent expense. Also see accrued rent income.
This account is a non-operating or “other” expense for the cost of borrowed money or other credit. The amount of interest expense appearing on the income statement is the cost of the money that was used...
A distribution of part of a corporation’s past profits to its stockholders. A dividend is not an expense on the corporation’s income statement.
The proportion of products sold. For example, if a car company sells 100,000 low-profit cars and 400,000 medium-profit cars and 500,000 high-profit trucks, it has a sales mix of 10% + 40% + 50%. If the total number of...
See membership dues.
Advertising Expense is the income statement account which reports the dollar amount of ads run during the period shown in the income statement. Advertising Expense will be reported under selling expenses on the income...
A long-term asset account that reports a company’s cost of automobiles, trucks, etc. The account is reported under the balance sheet classification property, plant, and equipment. Vehicles are depreciated over...
Investments in common stock, preferred stock, corporate bonds, or government bonds that can be readily sold on a stock or bond exchange. These investments are reported as a current asset if the investor’s intention...
A loan from a bank or other lender in which the borrower has pledged an asset as collateral in case the loan cannot be repaid in full.
See stockholders’ equity.
A term used with standard costs to report a difference between actual costs and standard costs. To learn more, see Explanation of Standard Costing.
See absorption costing.
A method of costing manufactured items that differs from normal costing and standard costing. Under actual costing each accounting period’s actual manufacturing overhead costs and each accounting period’s...
A bond (long-term debt) that is secured by a lien on real estate.
A current asset account that reports the amount of future rent expense that was paid in advance of the rental period. The amount reported on the balance sheet is the amount that has not yet been used or expired as of the...
In regression analysis this is a statistic (designated as r-squared) indicating the percentage of the change occurring in the dependent variable that is explained by the change in the independent variable(s). The percent...
In securities, a party that assists a company in issuing stock or bonds.
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